Izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto ziquka iiplastiki, irabha, izitywini zokuncamathelisa, izinto zokukhuhlana, amalaphu, iglasi, kunye nezinye izinto.Ezi zixhobo zibandakanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo amashishini afana neekhemikhali zepetroli, ishishini elikhanyayo, amalaphu, kunye nezinto zokwakha.Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi kwiimoto kukubonakalisa intsebenziswanoamandla adibeneyo ezoqoqosho kunye nobuchwepheshe, kwaye ikwabandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisa kumashishini anxulumeneyo.
Okwangoku, i-fiber yeglasi inamandlaIzinto ezinyanzeliswayo ezidityanisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto ziquka i-glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics (QFRTP), i-glass fibre mat reinforced thermoplastics (GMT), i-sheet molding compounds (SMC), izinto zokubumba i-resin transfer (RTM), kunye neemveliso ze-FRP ezibekwe ngesandla.
Eyona fiber yeglasi yokuqinisaiiplastiki ze-ced ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto okwangoku ziyi-glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP), i-glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) okanye i-PA6, kwaye kuncinci, izinto ze-PBT kunye ne-PPO.
Iimveliso zePP (ipolypropylene) eyomeleziweyo zinobungqongqo obuphezulu kunye nokuqina, kwaye iipropathi zabo zoomatshini zinokuphuculwa izihlandlo ezininzi, namaxesha amaninzi.I-PP eyomeleziweyo isetyenziswa kwiindawo snjengefenitshala yeofisi, umzekelo kwizitulo zabantwana ezinomqolo kunye nezitulo zeofisi;Ikwasetyenziswa kwiifeni ze-axial kunye ne-centrifugal ngaphakathi kwezixhobo zesikhenkcisi njengeefriji kunye ne-air conditioner.
Izinto ze-PA (i-polyamide) ezomeleziweyo sele zisetyenziswa kuzo zombini iimoto zabakhweli kunye nezorhwebo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukwenza iindawo ezincinci zokusebenza.Imizekelo ibandakanya izikhuselo ezikhuselayo zemizimba etshixayo, iiweji ze-inshorensi, amandongomane abethelelwe, iipedali ezijikelezayo, oonogada begiya, kunye nezibambo zokuvula.Ukuba izinto ezikhethwe ngumenzi wenxalenye azinzangaumgangatho, inkqubo yokuvelisa ayifanelekanga, okanye izinto ezingasomisi ngokufanelekileyo, kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwamalungu abuthathaka kwimveliso.
Nge-automUkwanda kwemfuno yoshishino lwezixhobo ezikhaphukhaphu nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, amashishini eemoto angaphandle angqiyame ngakumbi ekusebenziseni i-GMT (iglasi mat thermoplastics) imathiriyeli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamalungu olwakhiwo.Oku kungenxa yokuqina okugqwesileyo kwe-GMT, umjikelo omfutshane wokubumba, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, iindleko eziphantsi zokulungisa, kunye nendalo engangcolisi, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezinto zenkulungwane yama-21.I-GMT isetyenziswa ikakhulu ekuveliseni izibiyeli ezinemisebenzi emininzi, izibiyeli zedeshibhodi, iifreyimu zezihlalo, oonogada bee-injini, nezibiyeli zebhetri kwizithuthi zabakhweli.Ngokomzekelo, i-Audi A6 kunye ne-A4 eveliswa ngoku yi-FAW-Volkswagen isebenzisa izinto ze-GMT, kodwa ayiphumelelanga imveliso yendawo.
Ukuphucula umgangatho uwonke weemoto ukuze ufikelele kumanqanaba aphezulu ehlabathi, kunye nokufezekisae ukunciphisa ubunzima, ukunciphisa i-vibration, kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo, iiyunithi zasekhaya zenze uphando malunga nemveliso kunye neenkqubo zokubumba imveliso yezinto ze-GMT.Banamandla okuvelisa ubuninzi bezinto ze-GMT, kwaye umgca wokuvelisa kunye nemveliso yonyaka yeetoni ze-3000 zezinto ze-GMT zakhiwe eJiangyin, eJiangsu.Abavelisi beemoto zasekhaya basebenzisa izixhobo ze-GMT kuyilo lweemodeli ezithile kwaye sele beqalisile ukuveliswa kovavanyo lwebhetshi.
Ishiti lokubumba ikhompawundi (SMC) yintsinga yeglasi ifayibha ebalulekileyo eyomelezwe kwiplastiki ye-thermosetting.Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo, isakhono esikhulu sokuvelisa, kunye nokukwazi ukufikelela umgangatho we-A, isetyenziswe kakhulu kwiimoto.Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kweizinto zangaphandle SMC kushishino lweemoto wenze inkqubela entsha.Olona setyenziso luphambili lwe-SMC kwiimoto lukwiipaneli zomzimba, ezibalelwa kwi-70% yokusetyenziswa kwe-SMC.Olona kukhula lukhawulezayo kumacandelo olwakhiwo kunye neenxalenye zothumelo.Kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-SMC kwiimoto kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke nge-22% ukuya kwi-71%, ngelixa kwamanye amashishini, ukukhula kuya kuba yi-13% ukuya kwi-35%.
Ubume beSicelokunye neeNdlela zoPhuhliso
I-1.I-high-content glass fiber reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC) isanda kusetyenziswa kumacandelo okwakhiwa kweemoto.Iqale yaboniswa ngokwezakhiwo kwiimodeli ezimbini zeFord (Explorer kunye neRanger) ngo-1995. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuninzi, ithathwa ngokubanzi njengeneenzuzo kuyilo lwesakhiwo, ekhokelela kwisicelo sayo esinabileyo kwiideshibhodi zeemoto, iinkqubo zokuqhuba, iinkqubo zeradiyetha, kunye neenkqubo zesixhobo sombane.
Izibiyeli eziphezulu nezisezantsi ezibunjwe yinkampani yaseMelika iBudd zisebenzisa imathiriyeli edibeneyo equlethe i-40% yefiber yeglasi kwipolyester engaxutywanga.Esi sakhiwo sangaphambili se-front-piece sihlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi, kunye nesiphelo sangaphambili sekhabhinethi esezantsi eya phambili.Ephezulu bri-acket igxininiswe kwi-canopy yangaphambili kunye nesakhiwo somzimba wangaphambili, ngelixa i-bracket ephantsi isebenza ngokubambisana nenkqubo yokupholisa.Ezi zibiyeli zimbini zidityanisiwe kwaye zisebenzisana nekhenopi yemoto kunye nesakhiwo somzimba ukuzinzisa isiphelo sangaphambili.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphantsi koxinano lweSheet Molding Compound (SMC): I-Low-density SMC inomtsalane othile.y ye-1.3, kwaye izicelo ezisebenzayo kunye neemvavanyo zibonise ukuba i-30% ilula kune-SMC eqhelekileyo, enobunzima obuthile be-1.9.Ukusebenzisa le SMC yoxinano oluphantsi kunokunciphisa ubunzima beengxenye malunga ne-45% xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezifanayo ezenziwe ngentsimbi.Zonke iipaneli zangaphakathi kunye nophahla olutsha lwangaphakathi lwemodeli yeCorvette '99 nguGeneral Motors e-USA zenziwe nge-SMC ephantsi.Ukongeza, uxinano oluphantsi lwe-SMC lukwasetyenziswa kwiingcango zemoto, iihoods zeenjini, kunye nezivalo zetrunk.
3. Ezinye izicelo ze-SMC kwiimoto, ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa okutsha okukhankanywe ngaphambili, kubandakanya ukuveliswa kwe-vario.kuthi amanye amalungu.Ezi ziquka iingcango zecab, uphahla oluvuthelwayo, amathambo anqabileyo, iingcango zempahla, iivisor zelanga, iipaneli zomzimba, imibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi eluphahleni, imicu esecaleni yeshedi yeemoto, kunye neebhokisi zelori, phakathi kwazo ezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipaneli zomzimba zangaphandle.Ngokumalunga nobume besicelo sasekhaya, ngokungeniswa kobugcisa bokuvelisa imoto yabakhweli eTshayina, i-SMC yamkelwa okokuqala kwizithuthi zabakhweli, ikakhulu ezisetyenziswa kumagumbi amatayara angasebenziyo kunye namathambo amakhulu.Okwangoku, iyasetyenziswa kwiimoto zorhwebo kumacandelo afana neepleyiti zegumbi le-strut, iitanki zokwandisa, iintambo zesantya somgca, izahlulo ezinkulu/ezincinci, iindibano zokugquma umoya, nokunye.
I-GFRP Composite MaterialIimoto Leaf Springs
Indlela ye-Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) ibandakanya ukucinezela i-resin kwi-mold evaliweyo enemicu yeglasi, ilandelwa kukunyanga kwiqondo lokushisa okanye ngokushisa.Xa kuthelekiswa nePhepha le Molding Compound (SMC) indlela, i-RTM inikezela ngezixhobo zokuvelisa ezilula, iindleko zokungunda eziphantsi, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zeemveliso, kodwa zifanelekile kuphela kwimveliso ephakathi kunye nencinane.Okwangoku, iinxalenye zeemoto eziveliswe kusetyenziswa indlela ye-RTM phesheya ziye zandiswa ukuya kwiingubo ezigcweleyo.Ngokwahlukileyo, ngaphakathi e-China, itekhnoloji yokubumba i-RTM yokuvelisa iinxalenye zeemoto isekwinqanaba lophuhliso kunye nophando, izama ukufikelela kumanqanaba emveliso yeemveliso ezifanayo zangaphandle ngokweempawu zoomatshini, ixesha lokunyanga, kunye nemigangatho yemveliso egqityiweyo.Amacandelo eemoto aphuhliswe kwaye aphanda ngaphakathi kusetyenziswa indlela ye-RTM ibandakanya i-windshields, ii-tailgates ezingasemva, ii-diffusers, uphahla, ii-bumpers, kunye neengcango zokuphakamisa ngasemva zeemoto ze-Fukang.
Nangona kunjalo, ungayenza njani ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo inkqubo ye-RTM kwiimoto, i-requiuhlengahlengiso lwemathiriyeli yolwakhiwo lwemveliso, umgangatho wokwenziwa kwezinto, imigangatho yovavanyo, kunye nempumelelo yomgangatho we-A yimibandela exhalabisayo kushishino lweemoto.Ezi zikwayimfuno ephambili yokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-RTM ekwenzeni iinxalenye zemoto.
Kutheni FRP
Ngokombono wabavelisi beemoto, iFRP (iFiber Reinforced Plastics) xa kuthelekiswa nezinyeer imathiriyeli, yenye imathiriyeli enomtsalane kakhulu.Ukuthatha i-SMC/BMC (i-Sheet Molding Compound/I-Bulk Molding Compound) njengemizekelo:
* Ukonga ubunzima
* Ukuhlanganiswa kwecandelo
* Ububhetyebhetye boyilo
* Utyalo-mali olusezantsi kakhulu
* Iququzelela ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ze-antenna
* Uzinzo lweDimensional (i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal ehambelana nentsimbi)
* Ukugcina ukusebenza komatshini ophezulu phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa
Iyahambelana ne-E-coating (ipeyinti yombane)
Abaqhubi belori bazi kakuhle ukuba ukuxhathisa umoya, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-drag, ibisoloko ibalulekile aumchasi kwiilori.Indawo enkulu engaphambili yeelori, i-chassis ephezulu, kunye neetreyila ezimile okwesikweri zibenza babe sesichengeni sokuxhathisa umoya.
Ukuchasanaukumelana komoya, nto leyo eyandisa ngokungenakuthintelwa umthwalo wenjini, isantya esikhawulezayo, kokukhona uxhathiso olukhulu.Ukunyuka komthwalo ngenxa yokumelana nomoya kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okuphezulu kwamafutha.Ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa umoya kwiilori kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, iinjineli ziye zagqogqa iingqondo zazo.Ukongeza ekwamkeleni uyilo lwe-aerodynamic ye-cabin, izixhobo ezininzi zongezwe ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa komoya kwisakhelo kunye nenxalenye yangasemva yetrailer.Zeziphi ezi zixhobo ziyilelwe ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa umoya kwiilori?
Uphahla/Iziphambukisi zecala
Uphahla kunye neziphambukisi ezisecaleni ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukuthintela umoya ekubetheni ngokuthe ngqo kwibhokisi yempahla emile okwesikwere, uqondisa kwakhona uninzi lomoya ukuba uhambe ngokutyibilikayo kwaye ujikeleze indawo ephezulu nasecaleni yetreyila, kunokuba ube nefuthe ngqo kumphambili wetrailer. umzilaer, ebangela ukuxhathisa okubalulekileyo.I-engile ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-deflectors elungiswe ngokufanelekileyo inokunciphisa kakhulu ukuchasana okubangelwa yi-trailer.
Iziketi zecala lemoto
Iziketi ezisecaleni kwisithuthi zisebenza ukugudisa amacala e-chassis, zidibanise ngaphandle komthungo kunye nomzimba wemoto.Bagquma izinto ezifana neetanki zegesi ezibekwe ecaleni kunye neetanki zepetroli, zinciphisa indawo yazo engaphambili evezwe ngumoya, ngaloo ndlela ziququzelela ukuhamba komoya ngaphandle kokudala isiphithiphithi.
IBumpe enendawo ephantsir
Ibhampa eyongeza ezantsi inciphisa ukuhamba komoya ongena ngaphantsi kwesithuthi, nto leyo inceda ekwehliseni ukuxhathisa okuveliswa kukungqubana phakathi kwe-chassis kunye ne-chassis.umoya.Ukongeza, ezinye iibumpers ezinemingxuma yesikhokelo azinciphisi kuphela ukumelana komoya kodwa zikwanikezela nokuhamba komoya ngqo ngakwimigqomo yebrake okanye iidiski zeebrake, ezinceda ekupholiseni isixokelelwano seziqhoboshi zesithuthi.
Cargo Box Side Deflectors
I-deflectors emacaleni ebhokisi yempahla igubungela inxalenye yamavili kwaye inciphisa umgama phakathi kwendawo yempahla kunye nomhlaba.Olu luyilo lunciphisa ukungena komoya ukusuka kumacala angaphantsi kwesithuthi.Ngenxa yokuba zigquma inxalenye yeevili, ezi ziyaphambukaiictors zikwanciphisa isiphithiphithi esibangelwa yintsebenziswano phakathi kwamatayara kunye nomoya.
I-Deflector yangasemva
Yenzelwe ukuphazamisat i-vortices yomoya ngasemva, ihambisa umoya, ngokwenjenjalo inciphisa ukutsalwa kwe-aerodynamic.
Ke, zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-deflectors kunye nekhava kwiilori?Koko ndikuqokeleleyo, kukhuphiswano lwentengiso lwemalike, i-fiberglass (ekwaziwa njengeplastiki eqiniswe ngeglasi okanye i-GRP) ithandwa ngenxa yobunzima bayo, amandla aphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye ne-r.ukufaneleka phakathi kwezinye iipropathi.
I-Fiberglass yimathiriyeli edibeneyo esebenzisa imicu yeglasi kunye neemveliso zazo (njengelaphu lefiber yeglasi, i-mat, intambo, njl.njl.) njengokuqiniswa, kunye ne-synthetic resin esebenza njenge-matrix.
I-Fiberglass Deflectors / i-Covers
IYurophu yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass kwiimoto kwangoko ngo-1955, kunye novavanyo kwimizimba yemodeli ye-STM-II.Ngowe-1970, iJapan yasebenzisa i-fiberglass ukwenza izigqubuthelo zokuhombisa amavili emoto, yaye ngowe-1971 iSuzuki yenza izigqubuthelo zeinjini kunye neefenders ngefiberglass.Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, i-UK yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass, ithatha indawo yeekhabhathi ezihlanganisiweyo ezenziwe ngamaplanga, njengalezo ziseFor.d I-S21 kunye neemoto ezinamavili amathathu, ezizise isitayile esitsha ngokupheleleyo nesingenako ukuqina kwizithuthi zelo xesha.
Ngaphakathi eTshayina, ezinye mabenzi bemveliso benze umsebenzi omninzi ekuphuhliseni imizimba yemoto yefiberglass.Umzekelo, i-FAW iphuhlise ngempumelelo i-injini ye-fiberglass kunye ne-flat-nosed, i-flip-top cabins kwangethuba.Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-fiberglass kwiilori eziphakathi kunye nezinzima e-China kuxhaphake kakhulu, kubandakanywa injini enempumlo ende.izigqubuthelo, iibhampa, amaqweqwe angaphambili, izigqubuthelo zamaphahla ekhabhathi, iziketi ezisecaleni, neziphambukisi.Umvelisi owaziwayo wasekhaya wee-deflectors, i-Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., ungumzekelo woku.Kwanezinye iikhabhathi ezinkulu zokulala ezithandwayo zaseMelika ezinempumlo ende zenziwe ngefiberglass.
Ikhaphukhaphu, amandla aphezulu, umhlwa-iyaxhathisa, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi
Ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi, umjikelo omfutshane wemveliso, kunye nokuguquguquka okuqinileyo koyilo, izinto zefiberglass zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimiba emininzi yokuvelisa iilori.Umzekelo, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iilori zasekhaya zazinoyilo olune-monotonous kunye nolungqongqo, kunye nesimbo sangaphandle somntu singaqhelekanga.Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweendlela zasekhaya, i-which ilukhuthaze kakhulu uthutho oluhamba ixesha elide, ubunzima bokwenza inkangeleko yekhabhinethi eyenziwe ngumntu kwintsimbi epheleleyo, iindleko zokuyilwa kokungunda okuphezulu, kunye nemiba efana nomhlwa kunye nokuvuza kwizakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ezininzi kukhokelele abavelisi abaninzi ukuba bakhethe i-fiberglass kwizigqubuthelo zophahla lwekhabhathi.
Okwangoku, iilori ezininzi zisebenzisa i-fiizixhobo ze-berglass zokugubungela ngaphambili kunye neebhampa.
I-Fiberglass ibonakaliswe ngobunzima bayo kunye namandla aphezulu, kunye noxinano oluphakathi kwe-1.5 kunye ne-2.0.Oku kuphela malunga nekota ukuya kwisihlanu soxinaniso lwentsimbi yekhabhoni kwaye nangaphantsi kune-aluminiyam.Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ye-08F, i-fiberglass eyi-2.5mm etyebileyo ine-amandla alingana nentsimbi eyi-1mm engqindilili.Ukongeza, i-fiberglass inokuthi iyilwe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokweemfuno, inika ingqibelelo epheleleyo kunye nokwenza okugqwesileyo.Ivumela ukhetho oluguquguqukayo lweenkqubo zokubumba ngokusekelwe kwimilo, injongo, kunye nobuninzi bemveliso.Inkqubo yokubumba ilula, ihlala ifuna inyathelo elinye kuphela, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zinokuxhathisa okulungileyo kokubola.Iyakwazi ukumelana neemeko ze-atmospheric, amanzi, kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-asidi, iziseko kunye neetyuwa.Ke ngoko, iilori ezininzi ngoku zisebenzisa izixhobo zefiberglass kwiibumpers zangaphambili, izigqubuthelo zangaphambili, iziketi ezisecaleni, kunye neziphambukisi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-02-2024
