Izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto ziquka iiplastiki, irabha, izitywini zokuncamathelisa, izinto zokungqubana, amalaphu, iglasi, nezinye izinto. Ezi zinto zibandakanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso afana neekhemikhali zepetroli, ishishini lokukhanya, amalaphu, kunye nezinto zokwakha. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi kwiimoto kubonisa ukuhambelana kwe-co.amandla oqoqosho kunye nobuchwepheshe ahlanganisiweyo, kwaye ikwabandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lophuhliso lobuchwepheshe kunye nezakhono zokusetyenziswa kumashishini anxulumene noko.
Okwangoku, i-rein yefayibha yeglasiIzinto ezidityanisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto ziquka ii-thermoplastics zeglasi eziqinisiweyo ngefayibha (QFRTP), ii-thermoplastics zeglasi eziqinisiweyo ngefayibha (GMT), ii-sheet molding compounds (SMC), izinto zokubumba ze-resin transfer (RTM), kunye neemveliso ze-FRP ezibekwe ngesandla.
Eyona ngqokelela yefayibha yeglasiIiplastiki eziqinisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto okwangoku ziyi-glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP), i-glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) okanye i-PA6, kwaye kancinci, zizinto ze-PBT kunye ne-PPO.
Iimveliso ze-PP eziqinisiweyo (i-polypropylene) zinobulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokuqina, kwaye iimpawu zazo zoomatshini zinokuphuculwa amaxesha amaninzi, nokuba amaxesha amaninzi. I-PP eqinisiweyo isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.njengefenitshala yeofisi, umzekelo kwizitulo zabantwana ezinde ezingasemva kunye nezitulo zeofisi; ikwasetyenziswa kwiifeni ze-axial kunye ne-centrifugal ezikwizixhobo zokukhenkcisa ezifana neefriji kunye nee-air conditioner.
Izixhobo ze-PA eziqinisiweyo (i-polyamide) sele zisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zabakhweli kunye nezorhwebo, ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni izinto ezincinci ezisebenzayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya izigqubuthelo zokukhusela ii-lock bodies, ii-inshorensi wedges, ii-embedded nuts, ii-throttle pedals, ii-gear shift guards, kunye neziphatho zokuvula. Ukuba izinto ezikhethwe ngumvelisi wenxalenye azizinzangaumgangatho, inkqubo yokwenziwa ayifanelekanga, okanye izinto ezomisiweyo azomiswanga kakuhle, oku kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kweendawo ezibuthathaka kwimveliso.
Nge-automNgenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yezixhobo ezilula nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kushishino, amashishini eemoto angaphandle athambekele ekusebenziseni izixhobo ze-GMT (glass mat thermoplastics) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezixhobo zokwakha. Oku kungenxa yokuqina okugqwesileyo kwe-GMT, umjikelo omfutshane wokubumba, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, iindleko zokucubungula eziphantsi, kunye nokungabi nangcolisi, okwenza ibe yenye yezinto zenkulungwane yama-21. I-GMT isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iibrakethi ezinemisebenzi emininzi, iibrakethi zedeshibhodi, iifreyimu zezihlalo, ii-engine guards, kunye neebrakethi zebhetri kwizithuthi zabakhweli. Umzekelo, i-Audi A6 kunye ne-A4 eziveliswa yi-FAW-Volkswagen ngoku zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-GMT, kodwa azikafikeleli kwimveliso yendawo.
Ukuphucula umgangatho weemoto ukuze zifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye zifezekiseNgenxa yokunciphisa ubunzima, ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela, kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo, iiyunithi zasekhaya zenze uphando malunga neenkqubo zokuvelisa kunye nokubumba imveliso yezinto ze-GMT. Zinomthamo wokuvelisa ngobuninzi izinto ze-GMT, kwaye umgca wemveliso onomveliso wonyaka weetoni ezingama-3000 zezinto ze-GMT wakhiwe eJiangyin, eJiangsu. Abavelisi beemoto zasekhaya nabo basebenzisa izixhobo ze-GMT kuyilo lwezinye iimodeli kwaye baqalise ukuvelisa uvavanyo lwebhetshi.
I-Sheet molding compound (SMC) yiplastiki ebalulekileyo ye-thermosetting eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo, amandla amakhulu emveliso, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukufikelela kwiindawo eziphezulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwayoIzixhobo ze-SMC zangaphandle kwishishini leemoto zenze inkqubela entsha. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-SMC kwiimoto kukwiiphaneli zomzimba, okubangela i-70% yokusetyenziswa kwe-SMC. Ukukhula okukhawulezayo kukwizinto zokwakha kunye neendawo zokuhambisa. Kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-SMC kwiimoto kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke nge-22% ukuya kwi-71%, ngelixa kwamanye amashishini, ukukhula kuya kuba yi-13% ukuya kwi-35%.
Imeko yesicelokunye neendlela zoPhuhliso
1. I-fiber eqinisiweyo yeglasi eneefayibha eziqinisiweyo (i-SMC) isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zeemoto. Yaqala ukuboniswa kwiindawo zokwakha kwiimodeli ezimbini zeFord (E)xplorer kunye neRanger) ngo-1995. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ngeendlela ezininzi, ithathwa njengenenzuzo kuyilo lwesakhiwo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwayo ngokubanzi kwiideshibhodi zeemoto, iinkqubo zokuqhuba, iinkqubo zeradiyetha, kunye neenkqubo zezixhobo ze-elektroniki.
Iibrakethi eziphezulu nezisezantsi ezibunjwe yinkampani yaseMelika iBudd zisebenzisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo eziqulethe i-40% yefayibha yeglasi kwi-polyester engagcwaliyo. Olu lwakhiwo lwangaphambili oluneziqwenga ezibini luhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzisi, kunye nesiphelo sangaphambili sekhabhathi esezantsi siqhubekela phambili. Ibhrashi ephezuluI-acket inamathele kwikhanophi engaphambili kunye nolwakhiwo lomzimba ongaphambili, ngelixa i-bracket esezantsi isebenza kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa. Ezi bracket zimbini zidibene kwaye zisebenzisana nekhanophi yemoto kunye nolwakhiwo lomzimba ukuzinzisa isiphelo esingaphambili.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ze-low-density Sheet Molding Compound (SMC): I-Low-density SMC inomxhuzulane othiley ye-1.3, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kunye novavanyo kubonise ukuba ilula ngama-30% kune-SMC eqhelekileyo, enobunzima obuthile be-1.9. Ukusebenzisa le SMC enobunzima obuphantsi kunokunciphisa ubunzima beendawo malunga ne-45% xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezifanayo ezenziwe ngentsimbi. Zonke iiphaneli zangaphakathi kunye nengaphakathi elitsha lophahla lwemodeli yeCorvette '99 yiGeneral Motors e-USA zenziwe nge-SMC enobunzima obuphantsi. Ukongeza, i-SMC enobunzima obuphantsi ikwasetyenziswa kwiingcango zemoto, ii-hood zenjini, kunye nezivalo zetrunk.
3. Ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa i-SMC kwiimoto, ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa okutsha okukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ziquka ukuveliswa kwee-varioEzinye iindawo zase-US. Ezi ziquka iingcango zeekhabhathi, uphahla olufuthwayo, amathambo eebhampa, iingcango zemithwalo, ii-visors zelanga, iiphaneli zomzimba, imibhobho yokukhupha amanzi eluphahleni, imicu esecaleni yeshedi yemoto, kunye neebhokisi zelori, phakathi kwazo eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiphaneli zomzimba zangaphandle. Ngokuphathelele imeko yesicelo sasekhaya, ngokwaziswa kwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa iimoto zabakhweli eTshayina, i-SMC yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwizithuthi zabakhweli, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokugcina amatayara kunye namathambo eebhampa. Okwangoku, ikwasetyenziswa nakwiimoto zorhwebo kwiindawo ezifana neepleyiti zegumbi le-strut, iitanki zokwandisa, ii-clamps zesantya somgca, izahlulo ezinkulu/ezincinci, iindibano ze-air intake shroud, kunye nokunye.
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zeGFRPImithombo Yamagqabi Ezithuthi
Indlela yeResin Transfer Molding (RTM) ibandakanya ukucinezela i-resin kwi-mold evaliweyo equlethe iifayibha zeglasi, ilandelwe kukunyibilika kubushushu begumbi okanye ngobushushu.Indlela ye-ng Compound (SMC), i-RTM inikezela ngezixhobo ezilula zokuvelisa, iindleko eziphantsi zokubumba, kunye neempawu zomzimba ezibalaseleyo zeemveliso, kodwa ifanelekile kuphela kwimveliso ephakathi nencinci. Okwangoku, iindawo zeemoto eziveliswa kusetyenziswa indlela ye-RTM kwamanye amazwe zandisiwe ukuya kwizigqubuthelo zomzimba wonke. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngaphakathi eTshayina, iteknoloji yokubumba i-RTM yokwenza iindawo zeemoto isekwinqanaba lophuhliso nophando, izama ukufikelela kumanqanaba okuvelisa iimveliso ezifanayo zangaphandle ngokweempawu zoomatshini bezinto eziluhlaza, ixesha lokunyanga, kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso egqityiweyo. Iindawo zeemoto eziphuhliswe kwaye zaphandwa ngaphakathi kusetyenziswa indlela ye-RTM ziquka iifestile, ii-back gate, ii-diffuser, uphahla, ii-bumpers, kunye neengcango zokuphakamisa ngasemva zeemoto zeFukang.
Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-RTM ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo kwiimoto, imfunekoUkulungiswa kwezinto zokwakha imveliso, inqanaba lokusebenza kwezinto, imigangatho yovavanyo, kunye nokufezekiswa kwemiphezulu ye-A-grade yimicimbi exhalabisayo kwishishini leemoto. Ezi zikwayimfuneko yokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-RTM ekuvelisweni kwezixhobo zeemoto.
Kutheni i-FRP
Ngokwembono yabavelisi beemoto, i-FRP (iiFiber Reinforced Plastics) xa ithelekiswa nezinyeIzinto ezisetyenziswayo, sisixhobo esinomtsalane kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-SMC/BMC (Sheet Molding Compound/Bulk Molding Compound) njengemizekelo:
* Ukonga ubunzima
* Ukuhlanganiswa kwamacandelo
* Ukuguquguquka koyilo
* Utyalo-mali oluphantsi kakhulu
* Iququzelela ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ze-antenna
* Uzinzo lwemilinganiselo (i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu obuhambelanayo, enokuthelekiseka nentsimbi)
* Igcina ukusebenza okuphezulu koomatshini phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu
Iyahambelana ne-E-coating (umzobo we-elektroniki)
Abaqhubi beelori bayazi kakuhle ukuba ukumelana nomoya, okwaziwa ngokuba kukurhuqa, bekusoloko kuyinto ebalulekileyoindawo enkulu engaphambili yeelori, i-chassis ephezulu, kunye neetreyila ezimile okwesikwere zizenza zibe sengozini yokumelana nomoya.
Ukuchasaukumelana nomoya, nto leyo eyonyusa umthwalo wenjini, kokukhona isantya sikhawuleza, kokukhona ukumelana kukhulu. Ukwanda komthwalo ngenxa yokuxhathisa umoya kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwepetroli ephezulu. Ukunciphisa ukumelana nomoya okubonwa ziilori ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, iinjineli ziye zasebenza nzima. Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni koyilo lwe-aerodynamic kwikhabhini, izixhobo ezininzi zongezwe ukunciphisa ukumelana nomoya kwisakhelo nakwinxalenye engasemva yetreyila. Zeziphi ezi zixhobo ezenzelwe ukunciphisa ukumelana nomoya kwiilori?
Iziphazamisi zophahla/ecaleni
Iziphatho zophahla kunye neziphatho ezisemacaleni zenzelwe ukuthintela umoya ukuba ungangeni ngqo kwibhokisi yempahla enesikwere, ziqondisa uninzi lomoya ukuba luhambe kakuhle phezu nangaphandle kweendawo eziphezulu nezisemacaleni zetreyila, endaweni yokuba luchaphazele ngqo umphambili wendlela.er, nto leyo ebangela ukuxhathisa okukhulu. Ii-deflectors ezigobileyo nezilungiswe kakuhle zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhathisa okubangelwa yitreyila.
Izikipa Ezisecaleni Zemoto
Iziketi ezisecaleni kwisithuthi zisebenza ekugudiseni amacala e-chassis, zidibanisa kakuhle nomzimba wemoto. Zigubungela izinto ezifana neetanki zegesi ezifakwe ecaleni kunye neetanki zepetroli, zinciphisa indawo yazo yangaphambili evezwa ngumoya, ngaloo ndlela zinceda ukuhamba komoya okuthambileyo ngaphandle kokudala ukuxinana.
IBumpe ebekwe kwindawo ephantsir
Ibhampa ehlayo inciphisa ukuhamba komoya okungena phantsi kwesithuthi, nto leyo enceda ekunciphiseni ukuxhathisa okubangelwa kukungqubana phakathi kwetshasi kunye ne-umoya. Ukongeza, ezinye iibhampa ezinemingxuma ekhokelayo azinciphisi nje kuphela ukumelana nomoya kodwa zikwakhokelela ekujikelezeni komoya kwiidrama zeebrake okanye kwiidiski zeebrake, zinceda ekupholiseni inkqubo yokuqhobosha yesithuthi.
Ii-Cargo Box Side Deflectors
Iziphazamisi ezisemacaleni ebhokisi yemithwalo zigubungela inxalenye yamavili kwaye zinciphisa umgama phakathi kwendawo yemithwalo nomhlaba. Olu yilo lunciphisa ukuhamba komoya okungena emacaleni angaphantsi kwesithuthi. Ngenxa yokuba zigubungela inxalenye yamavili, ezi ziphazamisiIi-ctors zikwanciphisa ukungazinzi okubangelwa kukunxibelelana phakathi kwamatayara nomoya.
I-Rear Deflector
Yenzelwe ukuphazamisaXa umoya ujikeleza ngasemva, yenza kube lula ukuhamba komoya, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukutsalwa komoya ngamandla.
Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza ii-deflectors kunye nezigqubuthelo kwiilori? Ngokwezinto endiziqokeleleyo, kwimarike ekhuphisana kakhulu, i-fiberglass (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-glass-reinforced plastic okanye i-GRP) ithandwa ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye ne-rukufaneleka phakathi kwezinye iipropati.
I-Fiberglass yinto edityanisiweyo esebenzisa imicu yeglasi kunye neemveliso zayo (njengelaphu leglasi lefayibha, imathi, uboya, njl.njl.) njengezinto zokuqinisa, kunye ne-resin yokwenziwa esebenza njengesixhobo se-matrix.
Izigubungelo/Izigqubuthelo zeFiberglass
IYurophu yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass kwiimoto kwasekuqaleni kowe-1955, ngovavanyo kwimizimba yeemodeli ze-STM-II. Ngowe-1970, iJapan yasebenzisa i-fiberglass ukwenza izigqubuthelo zokuhombisa amavili eemoto, kwaye ngo-1971 iSuzuki yenza izigqubuthelo zeenjini kunye neefender nge-fiberglass. Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, i-UK yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass, ithatha indawo yeekhabhini zangaphambili zentsimbi-wood composite, ezifana nezo zikwiFor.d S21 kunye neemoto ezinamavili amathathu, nto leyo eyazisa isitayile esitsha ngokupheleleyo nesingenzima kangako kwiimoto zelo xesha.
Ekhaya eTshayina, ezinye mAbavelisi bezinto zokwenza izinto benze umsebenzi omkhulu ekuphuhliseni imizimba yezithuthi zefiberglass. Umzekelo, i-FAW iphumelele ekuphuhliseni izigqubuthelo zeenjini zefiberglass kunye neekhabhini ezinempumlo ethe tyaba, ezijijekileyo kwasekuqaleni. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zefiberglass kwiilori eziphakathi nezinzima eTshayina kuxhaphake kakhulu, kuquka neenjini ezinempumlo ende.Izigqubuthelo, iibhampa, izigqubuthelo zangaphambili, izigqubuthelo zophahla lwekhabhathi, iziketi ezisecaleni, kunye nezigqubuthelo. Umenzi odumileyo wasekhaya wezigqubuthelo, iDongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., ungumzekelo woku. Kwanezinye zezindlu ezinkulu zodidi ezilalayo kwiilori ezidumileyo zaseMelika ezenziwe ngefiberglass.
Ilula, inamandla aphezulu, ingumhlwa-imelana neemeko, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi
Ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi, umjikelo wemveliso omfutshane, kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo, izixhobo zefiberglass zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi zokwenza iilori. Umzekelo, kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, iilori zasekhaya zazinoyilo oludinisayo noluqinileyo, kunye nesitayile sangaphandle esenziwe ngokwezifiso esasingaqhelekanga. Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweendlela zasekhaya, ezithiUhambo olude lwakhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezinde, ubunzima bokwenza ukubonakala kwekhabhini eyenzelwe wena ngentsimbi epheleleyo, iindleko eziphezulu zoyilo lwesikhunta, kunye nemiba efana nokugqwala nokuvuza kwizakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ezinamaphaneli amaninzi kwakhokelela ekubeni abavelisi abaninzi bakhethe i-fiberglass yezigqubuthelo zophahla lwekhabhini.
Okwangoku, iilori ezininzi zisebenzisa i-fiizixhobo zeglasi zekhava zangaphambili kunye neebhampa.
I-Fiberglass iphawulwa bubunzima bayo obukhaphukhaphu nobukhulu bayo, kunye nobunzima obuphakathi kwe-1.5 kunye ne-2.0. Oku kumalunga nekota ukuya kwisihlanu kuphela sobunzima be-carbon steel kwaye kungaphantsi nangakumbi kunobo be-aluminium. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ye-08F, i-fiberglass enobukhulu obuyi-2.5mm ine-amandla alingana nentsimbi enobukhulu obuyi-1mm. Ukongeza, i-fiberglass inokuyilwa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokweemfuno, inikezela ngokuthembeka okungcono ngokubanzi kunye nokwenziwa okugqwesileyo. Ivumela ukhetho oluguquguqukayo lweenkqubo zokubumba ngokusekelwe kwimilo, injongo, kunye nobungakanani bemveliso. Inkqubo yokubumba ilula, idla ngokufuna inyathelo elinye kuphela, kwaye izinto zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala. Zinokumelana neemeko zomoya, amanzi, kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwee-asidi, iziseko, kunye neetyuwa. Ke ngoko, iilori ezininzi ngoku zisebenzisa izinto ze-fiberglass kwiibhampa zangaphambili, izigqubuthelo zangaphambili, iziketi ezisecaleni, kunye nee-deflectors.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-02-2024
